CONSTANTINE · FAITH · HISTORY
KINGS & RULERS
Leaders who shaped the history of Israel, Judea, Rome and Christian civilisation
Explore biblical monarchs, rulers of the Herodian dynasty, Roman emperors and leaders from the Byzantine, Hungarian, Norwegian and Wallachian worlds. Each profile identifies the territory governed, approximate lifetime, relationship with Judaism or Christianity, and important events.
Biblical Kings of Israel
The Herodian Dynasty of Judea
The Herodian family ruled different parts of the region under Roman authority. Not every member held the formal title “king”: Archelaus was an ethnarch, while Antipas and Philip were tetrarchs. Their exact territories and dates changed over time.
Roman Rulers in the Biblical Era
Byzantine and Ottoman History
Christian Kings of Europe
Wallachia
No rulers match your search. Try another name or keyword.
Historical accuracy note: “Lifetime” dates and reign dates are different. Dates marked c. are approximate. Biblical narratives, later Christian traditions and modern historical reconstructions do not always provide the same level of evidence. Some rulers below were emperors, governors, tetrarchs, princes or generals rather than kings. Artwork is used because photographs do not exist for ancient and medieval rulers; image links open Wikimedia Commons search results, where the original artwork and licence can be checked.
Study sources & further reading
- Bible Gateway — Kings and Prophets of Israel and Judah
- Jewish Virtual Library — The Kings of Ancient Israel
- The BAS Library — Chronological Tables, including the Herodian dynasty
- Encyclopaedia Iranica — Cyrus II the Great
- Catholic Encyclopedia — Pontius Pilate
- Oxford Classical Dictionary — Belisarius
- Encyclopaedia Britannica — Constantine XI Palaiologos
- Catholic Encyclopedia — St. Olaf Haraldson
- Cambridge University Press — Hungary in the Eleventh and Twelfth Centuries